Memory Hierarchy ( For O-LEVEL/BCA/MCA Computer Fundamental Examination )

Internal Processor Memory:-

→ The Internal Processor memory is also known as processor memory which is direct connected to the processor.
→ This memory help for manage the processing in computer.
→ There are two types of Internal Processor memory such as:

(a) Cache Memory
(b) CPU Memory.

(a) Cache Memory:-

→ Cache Memory is very fast and expensive memory.
→ Cache Memory work as bridge between Processor and RAM.
→ The Cache Memory is direct attach with micro - processor and RAM.
→ The Cache Memory used for increased the speed of data processing in computer.
→ The Cache Memory is also known as static memory where the data is forcly deleted.
→ The Cache Memory store all the data instruction which is ready for process.
→ The speed of Cache Memory is measured in NANO SEC.
→ There are two type of Cache Memory:

(a) L1 Cache
(b) L2 Cache.

→ In L1 Cache the small set of instructions are store and the size of L1 Cache is up to 256KB.
→ In L2 Cache memory is used for store the large data set instruction and the size of L2 Cache memory is up to 1024KB or 1MB.

(b) CPU:-

→ The CPU Register is direct connected to the processor.
→ This memory help for perform the execution on current data instruction.
→ The CPU register work on only one instruction at a time.

PRIMARY MEMORY

Primary Memory:-

→ The Primary Memory in computer is used for run the application in computer.
→ The Primary Memory is also known as main memory.
→ The Primary Memory is divided into two type:

(a) RAM (Random Access Memory)
(b) ROM (Read Only Memory).

→ The Primary Memory store temporary format of data and the running application in computer is manage by the PRIMARY MEMORY.

DESCRIPTION :-

S-RAM= Static RAM.

D-RAM= Dynamic RAM.

SD-RAM= Synchronous Dynamic RAM.

DDR-RAM= Double Data Rate RAM.

P-ROM= Programmable ROM.

EP-ROM= Erasable Programmable ROM.

EEP-ROM= Electrical Erasable Programmable ROM.

RAM (Random Access Memory):-

→ RAM is a memory which is work using power management.
→ The RAM is also known as volatile memory where the data is loss automatic when the power is off.
→ The RAM provide virtual memory for handle the task in computer.
→ In RAM the data is store in temporary format.
→ There are different type of memory are:

(a) S-RAM
(b) D-RAM.

• S-RAM:-

→ In S-RAM the data is deleted after closing the computer and the data is automatics refresh on a particular time duration.
→ In D-RAM the OS files is loaded.

• D-RAM:-

→ The D-RAM the OS files loaded.
→ The D-RAM is Dynamic RAM where the data is refresh automatic.
→ In this RAM the old information is automatic deleted when the new data is occurred.

• SD-RAM:-

→ The SD-RAM is Synchronous Dynamic RAM that RAM is used to manage large data information in computer.
→ This RAM property is use for manage for running high volume and capacity of data in computer.

• RD-RAM:-

→ This type of RAM is used in play station devices or gaming console graphics on data.
→ Provide high data transfer rate.

• DDR-RAM:-

→ It is Double Data Rate RAM.
→ It creates the double virtual space for handling the large application's in computer.
→ In Laptop, Desktop, DDR-RAM is used.
→ It is divided into several categories.

(a)DDR - 1
(b)DDR - 2
(c)DDR - 3
(d)DDR - 4 (Latest)

ROM (Read Only Memory):-

→ ROM is a device that provide the service to access the data in computer.
→ In ROM chip the data cannot be updated.
→ There are different types of ROM:

P-ROM:-

→ It is Programmable ROM that use for reading the content in computer.

EP-ROM:-

→ It is Erasable Programmable ROM that allow to remove the data on manufacture time.

EEP-ROM:-

→ It is Electrical Erasable Programmable ROM that can update the data by removing old information or data from the ROM chip.

SECONDARY MEMORY

→ This memory is a permanent memory that used for store the large amount of information like: Audio, Videos, Graphics, and other.
→ This memory is also known as Non - Volatile memory because data have no effect when power is off.
→ Some Secondary Memory is hard disk CD, DVD, PD, Floppy Disk, and other.